Clinical reasoning in medical education:

history facing the future.

  • Laura Llambi Unidad Académica Clínica Médica B, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
Keywords: medical education, clinical reasoning, artificial intelligence

Abstract

The present article is part of a series of activities carried out to commemorate the 150th anniversary of
the Faculty of Medicine. In the context of the academic conference “Clinical Medicine: A History Facing
the Future,” it provides a synthesis of key concepts underlying clinical reasoning, as well as reflections
on the advent of artificial intelligence.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Norman G. Clinical reasoning in medicine. In: Norman GR, van der Vleuten CPM, Newble DI, editors. International handbook of research in medical education. Dordrecht: Springer; 2002.

Mañé Garzón F. Pedro Visca: fundador de la clínica médica en el Uruguay. Montevideo: Barreiro; 1983.

Norman G. Research in clinical reasoning: past history and current trends. Med Educ. 2005;39(4):418-27. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02127.x.

Eva KW. What every teacher needs to know about clinical reasoning. Med Educ. 2004;38(10):1128-39. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.01972.x.

Kahneman D. Pensar rápido, pensar despacio. Barcelona: Debate; 2012.

de Sousa MR, de Aguiar T. Deduction, induction and the art of clinical reasoning in medical education: systematic review and Bayesian proposal. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2022;119(6):984-94. doi: 10.36660/abc.20220405.

Furman M. Enseñar distinto: guía para innovar sin perderse en el camino. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI Editores; 2021.

Turner L, Kelleher M, Overla S, et al. Harnessing the generative power of AI to move closer to personalized medical education. Acad Med. 2025; [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000006185.

Leon S, Lee S, Perez JE, Hashimoto DA. Artificial intelligence and the education of future surgeons. Am J Surg. 2025;246:116257. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2025.116257.

Abdulnour RE, Gin B, Boscardin CK. Educational strategies for clinical supervision of artificial intelligence use. N Engl J Med. 2025;393(8):786-97. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra2503232.

Goh E, Gallo R, Hom M, Strong E, Weng Y, Kerman H, et al. Large language model influence on diagnostic reasoning: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(10):e2440969. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.40969.

Trahan LH, Stuebing KK, Fletcher JM, Hiscock M. The Flynn effect: a metaanalysis. Psychol Bull. 2014;140(5):1332-60. doi: 10.1037/a0037173

Published
2026-05-08
How to Cite
Llambi, L. (2026). Clinical reasoning in medical education: : history facing the future. Anales De La Facultad De Medicina, 13(1), e801. https://doi.org/10.25184/anfamed2026v13n1a12