Impacto de los tratamientos oncológicos en la fertilidad: Una revisión narrativa
Resumo
Hoy en día se han desarrollado diferentes métodos eficaces para tratar el cáncer que han aumentado de forma exitosa la sobrevida. Dentro de ellos se destacan, además de los tratamientos tradicionales como la quimioterapia y radioterapia, las terapias dirigidas, que han sido implementadas en los últimos años.
Uno de los aspectos en los cuales se centra esta revisión es en la gonadotoxicidad como efecto adverso que presentan los mismos, hecho importante dado que puede generar repercusiones no solo a nivel biológico, sino también psicológico y social. En el caso de la radioterapia y quimioterapia, se comprobó que la mayoría generan daño directo gonadal, agotamiento de las células germinales o alteraciones endocrinológicas. En cuanto a las nuevas terapias (inmunoterapia y terapias dirigidas) demostraron ser igualmente eficaces y causar menos efectos adversos.
A partir de esto surge un nuevo término denominado oncofertilidad, enfocado en brindar información a través de un equipo multidisciplinario acerca del riesgo mencionado y sugieren diferentes métodos con el fin de preservar la fertilidad. Algunos de estos son el blindaje gonadal, la criopreservación de tejido gonadal, de células madre y de gametos.
Para esta revisión narrativa, se utilizaron las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, Cochrane, Portal Timbó, Scielo, ScienceDirect y Lilacs. Teniendo en cuenta los objetivos planteados y los criterios de inclusión, fue que se escogieron 56 artículos.
Como criterio de inclusión: ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, revisiones sistemáticas, revisiones narrativas, metanálisis, medicina & salud pública, y de exclusión: texto completo, texto completo gratuito, menores a 10 años, inglés y español.
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