Prevalência de pessoas obesas metabolicamente saudáveis segundo três critérios diferentes na população espanhola: variáveis associadas
Resumo
Introdução: A obesidade, globalmente considerada uma pandemia, está associada a várias complicações, particularmente cardiometabólicas. No entanto, existe um grupo de indivíduos obesos que não apresentam essas alterações; são conhecidos como obesos metabolicamente saudáveis (OMS). O objetivo deste estudo é determinar a prevalência de OMS e avaliar as variáveis que influenciam essa prevalência.
Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo e transversal com 68.884 indivíduos obesos para determinar a prevalência de OMS utilizando três critérios diferentes. Além disso, analisou-se a associação da prevalência de OMS com determinadas variáveis sociodemográficas (idade, gênero, classe social e nível educacional) e hábitos saudáveis (atividade física, dieta mediterrânea e tabagismo).
Resultados: A prevalência varia conforme o critério utilizado: não apresentar nenhum componente da síndrome metabólica (SM), apresentar um ou até dois componentes da SM, Estimando-se globalmente em 21,6%, 56,6% e 79,3%, respectivamente. Todas as variáveis analisadas influenciam a prevalência de OMS, particularmente a idade, a atividade física e a adesão à dieta mediterrânea.
Conclusão: A prevalência de OMS varia significativamente dependendo do critério aplicado. O perfil de um indivíduo OMS é tipicamente uma mulher jovem, pertencente a níveis socioeconômicos mais favoráveis, não fumante, com alta adesão à dieta mediterrânea e que pratica atividade física regularmente
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