Duration of immunity from vaccines administered in Uruguay: a bibliographic review
Abstract
Vaccines are a crucial tool in protecting against infectious diseases, saving between 3.5 to 5 million lives annually, according to the WHO. The duration of the immune response generated by vaccines is a topic of great interest and concern, as uncertainty complicates the definition of appropriate vaccination strategies to prevent the resurgence of infections. This narrative literature review aimed to assess the current state of knowledge regarding the duration of the immune response and protection conferred by some of the vaccines currently in use in Uruguay. In particular, research was focused on vaccines against Human Papillomavirus (HPV), measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR vaccine), and influenza. The review was
conducted through searches in electronic databases and a selection of scientific articles based on their quality and level of evidence. It was found that vaccination against HPV provides a long-lasting immune response, but it is essential to continue monitoring the immune response elicited. Influenza vaccines elicit shorter immune responses, necessitating booster doses and annual vaccine reformulations. Regarding the MMR vaccine, there are also variations depending on the pathogen; for rubella, a single dose offers long-term protection, while immunity against mumps and measles wanes more quickly. More longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the duration of immunity and to establish clear correlates of protection for vaccines.
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